An Investigation of Higher-Order Closure Models for a Forested Canopy
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
An Investigation of Higher-order Closure Models for a Forested Canopy
Simultaneous triaxial sonic anemometer velocity measurements vertically arrayed at six levels within and above a uniform pine forest were used to examine two parameterization schemes for the triple-velocity correlation tensor employed in higher-order closure models. These parameterizations are the gradient-diffusion approximation typically used in second-order closure models, and the full budge...
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Source/sink strengths and vertical flux distributions of carbon dioxide within and above a rice canopy were modelled using measured mean concentration profiles collected during an international rice experiment in Okayama, Japan (IREX96). The model utilizes an Eulerian higher-order closure approach that permits coupling of scalar and momentum transport within vegetation to infer sources and sink...
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Over the past two decades, several inverse methods have been proposed to estimate scalar source and sink strengths from measured mean concentration profiles within the canopy volume (hereafter termed the ‘inverse’ problem). These inverse methods commonly assumed neutral atmospheric stability conditions for the entire canopy volume. For non-neutral conditions, atmospheric stability corrections i...
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Simple first-order closure remains an attractive way of formulating equations for complex canopy flows when the aim is to find analytic or simple numerical solutions to illustrate fundamental physical processes. Nevertheless, the limitations of such closures must be understood if the resulting models are to illuminate rather than mislead. We propose five conditions that first-order closures mus...
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attempts have been made to study the thermodynamic behavior of 1,3 butadiene purification columns with the aim of retrofitting those columns to more energy efficient separation schemes. 1,3 butadiene is purified in two columns in series through being separated from methyl acetylene and 1,2 butadiene in the first and second column respectively. comparisons have been made among different therm...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Boundary-Layer Meteorology
سال: 1998
ISSN: 0006-8314,1573-1472
DOI: 10.1023/a:1001509106381